Scientific experiments assume an environment that is pure, stable and reproducible. Contemporary material technology is successful because it can shape its immediate environment sufficiently in order to operate effectively. But we are increasingly aware of how the cultural context influences the use of technologies, along with the 'unanticipated consequences' of our actions. Sustainability is all about managing the uncertainties and complexities of our local challenges. How can we create an approach to science that fosters a respectful awareness of the local aspects of the creation, diffusion and use of scientific knowledge? The special power of European science derives largely from its generality. In response to the issues of our time, post-normal science indicates one way forward.