The juridical framework that is currently available for dealing with environmental violations is the topic of Harm Dotinga's lecture. How did the frameword develop historically, to which institutions is it tied? What are its strengths and weaknesses? How does the existing framework relate to new concepts such as the trade in CO2 emissions? What new developments are there and what are the questions for the future? How to address climate change adaptation, resilience and environmental services in a legal framework?